Photographs in this collection other than those identified by such stamps as "World-Telegram photo" or "World-Telegram photo by Ed Palumbo" might not be in the public domain. Works within the collection may be attributed to other news services that retain copyright, works of the U.S. government that are in the public domain in the US, or works with no attribution for which copyright cannot be determined.
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.): "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes: "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes: "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that: "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
Cette image a été retouchée, ce qui signifie qu'elle a été modifiée par ordinateur et est différente de l'image d'origine. Liste des modifications : Tightened framing to remove borders; selectively adjusted levels; removed numerous specks and 1 scratch. L'image d'origine se trouve ici : WikiPedant: File:WikiPedant. Modifications effectuées par WikiPedant.
Sortara :
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
Cette œuvre est dans le domaine public car elle a été publiée aux États-Unis entre 1929 et 1977 inclus, sans indication de copyright. À moins que son auteur ne soit mort depuis suffisamment longtemps, elle n'est pas dans le domaine public dans les pays ou régions qui n'appliquent pas la règle du terme le plus court pour les travaux provenant des États-Unis, comme le Canada (cinquante ans pma), la Chine continentale (cinquante ans pma, Hong Kong et Macao exclus), l'Allemagne (soixante-dix ans pma), le Mexique (cent ans pma), la Suisse (soixante-dix ans pma) et d'autres pays signataires d'accord bilatéraux. Voir cette page pour de plus amples explications.
Bat iyeltak va loplekufa giva ruldar. Bata giva male reduso ok tuotukaso wanuyasiko iku ksudasiko lanon zo loplekuyur. Ede iyeltak malion di zo betayar, konaka pinta va betayana ewava rotir me co tcazecked.